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##Looks like we found a thief monkey By the way, I liked the trick how you reached till here. You have a good sense of humor. You will improve a lot if you join our course with this passion.
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00:00:02 Now that you know how APIs work, let's dive into one of the most critical parts of backend development, databases.
00:00:09 At its core, a database is just a system that stores, organizes, and manages data.
00:00:16 But let's break it down into simpler terms.
00:00:19 Think of a database as a specialized software that lives on a computer somewhere, whether that's your laptop, a company server,
00:00:27 or a powerful machine in a remote data center.
00:00:30 Just like your laptop stores files on a hard drive or an SSD, databases store data.
00:00:37 But here's the difference.
00:00:39 Databases are optimized for speed, security, and scalability.
00:00:44 So whenever you log into Instagram, check out your bank account balance, or book a movie ticket, a database is working behind the scenes to fetch,
00:00:54 update, or store that information.
00:00:57 And databases come in different flavors, but they're broadly classified into two main types, relational and non-relational databases.
00:01:06 Relational databases store data in structured tables with rows and columns.
00:01:12 Much like a spreadsheet, relational databases use something known as SQL, a structured query language, which allows you to query and manipulate data.
00:01:23 And most popular SQL databases are MySQL or Postgres.
00:01:27 You might want to use those when your data is highly structured and relationships between entities are important.
00:01:35 Think banking systems, e-commerce platforms, or inventory management.
00:01:40 And if you're looking to learn SQL with the latest ORMs like Prisma, check out my SQL Databases course on jsmastery.pro.
00:01:48 I'll leave the link down below.
00:01:50 But with that said, let's explore non-relational databases, also referred to as noSQL databases.
00:01:57 They offer more flexibility and don't rely on a rigid structure of tables.
00:02:04 They handled unstructured or semi-structured data, making them perfect when data relationships are less complex.
00:02:11 There are also subtypes of NoSQL databases, such as DocumentBase, like MongoDB, which stores data in JSON-like documents.
00:02:20 And there's also some like Redis, which store data in simple key value pairs.
00:02:25 NoSQL databases are great when handling large volumes of data, real-time analytics, or flexible data models.
00:02:33 Think social media apps, IoT devices, or big data analytics.
00:02:38 And like with the SQL course, I also have a short and sweet course on MongoDB with Mongoose that covers everything from database basics to building a cool app.
00:02:48 So if you're into NoSQL databases, check it out.
00:02:51 Once again, the link is down below.
00:02:53 So let's be honest, which one is better?
00:02:56 Well, unfortunately, there's no one size fits all here.
00:03:00 It depends on your business needs, but let me keep it simple.
00:03:04 If you need structured data with clear relationships, go with relational or SQL database.
00:03:10 And if you're handling massive unstructured data or need flexibility, go for non-relational or non-SQL databases.
00:03:18 How would you actually make your backend application interact with that database?
00:03:24 Well, the flow is the same for both.
00:03:27 First, the client or your device sends a request to the backend.
00:03:31 For example, give me all my subscriptions.
00:03:35 Then, the server processes the request and determines what data is needed.
00:03:40 Then, the backend sends a query to the database to fetch, update, or delete that data.
00:03:47 For example, in SQL, that might look something like this, where you select everything from subscriptions where user ID is equal to something.
00:03:55 And in NoSQL, like MongoDB, it'll look something more similar to what you're used to.
00:04:00 db.subscriptions.find, and then you pass in the user ID.
00:04:05 Either way, the database will return the requested data to the server, and then the server formats that data, usually as JSON,
00:04:14 and sends it back to the client.
00:04:16 So that's it.
00:04:17 You just learned how your server or your app interacts with a database, and that is through queries.
00:04:24 We use queries to store, retrieve, update, or delete data in databases.
00:04:30 You could use raw queries like these ones here, and writing those gives you full control, but also it can get a bit tedious and error-prone as your project grows.
00:04:40 That's why many developers decide to use ORMs, Object Relational Mappers.
00:04:46 ORMs simplify database interactions by letting you write queries in a syntax of your programming language of choice, instead of writing raw SQL.
00:04:56 For SQL databases, popular ORMs are Prisma and Drizzle, or even SQLize.
00:05:02 And for no SQL like MongoDB, there's Mongoose.
00:05:06 Here's how it would look like to fetch a user using Postgres, and here's how it looks like to fetch it by using Mongoose.
00:05:15 These ORMs speed up the development and help you prevent errors, especially in larger projects.
00:05:21 And remember those database courses that I mentioned not that long ago?
00:05:24 Well, in those, I teach you how to use an ORM no matter which database you choose.
00:05:29 So, if you want to learn how to use an ORM, definitely bookmark them and then revisit them after watching this course.
00:05:36 But with that in mind, let's do a quick databases recap.
00:05:41 Databases are specialized software for storing, organizing, and managing data.
00:05:47 They come in two main types, relational SQL and non-relational NoSQL.
00:05:55 Relational databases use structured tables and SQL queries, while NoSQL offers flexibility with formats like documents and key value pairs.
00:06:05 And you can interact with both databases using either raw queries or simplify things using ORMs.
00:06:13 That was a lot to comprehend, right?
00:06:15 Don't worry, you don't have to get it at once.
00:06:18 From understanding clients and servers to APIs, backend logic and databases, there's a lot of moving parts.
00:06:26 and if it feels overwhelming, don't worry.
00:06:29 Take your time, revisit these concepts, and let them sink in.
00:06:33 It's all a part of building a solid foundation as a backend developer.
00:06:37 So, before we wrap up this course, there's one final piece to cover.
00:06:42 Backend architectures.
00:06:44 Because how you design your backend is just as important as the tools you use.
00:06:49 So, let's dive into that next.